Dog Gums Bleeding: Causes, Risks, and How to Maintain Your Pup's Oral Health

As pet parents, we normally prioritize diet, exercise, and vet visits, but forget dental care, which is very important to our dogs' health. Bleeding gums are a common concern for many dog owners, often indicating gum disease or more serious health issues.

In this post, we'll explore the causes of dog gum bleeding and the early signs to look out for. We’ll also give you expert advice on keeping your dog's gums healthy. You’ll learn how to identify symptoms early enough and keep your pup’s mouth fresh and clean.

Healthy Dog Gums: What to Expect

Healthy, normal gums in dogs are typically bright pink, firm, and moist. If you press gently against your dog's gums, they should briefly blanch to white and then quickly return to their normal color. This test, called capillary refill time, shows whether the blood flow to your dog's gums is normal and healthy. If the color doesn't return within the capillary refill time, contact an emergency veterinarian, as this indicates low blood pressure or anemia (low red blood cell count).

Signs of Healthy, Normal Dog Gums:

• Color: The dog's gum color should be bubble gum pink, though there’s natural variation depending on your dog's breed. Some breeds, such as Chow Chows, Shar-Peis, and Dalmatians, have darker, black gum color.
• Firmness: Healthy dog gums should feel firm when pressed, with no softness or swelling.
• Moisture: The gums of a healthy dog should be moist, indicating they're well-hydrated.
• No Inflammation: There should be no swelling, red gums, or tenderness.

Importance of Gum Health

You can help prevent gingivitis, bacterial plaque, and infection in your dog’s mouth by keeping their gums healthy. Unhealthy gums lead to periodontal disease, loose teeth, and affect other organs such as the heart and kidneys.

Regular check-ups will help identify problems early, particularly in senior and younger dogs, and prevent severe dental issues in the future. If you notice pale gums, seek veterinary care immediately. It could indicate life-threatening issues like carbon monoxide poisoning, heart disease, or kidney disease.

Common Signs of Gum Problems in Dogs

Recognizing the early signs of gingivitis and other oral issues will help prevent life-threatening health problems in your dog. Wallis and Holcombe (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice identify the following as some of the most common signs of gum issues:

1. Bleeding Gums

If you notice your dog’s gums bleeding, it's likely due to inflammation, trauma, or dental disease. You’ll see blood in your dog's saliva or find dark stains on the gums. Bleeding gums generally indicate gingivitis, which should be treated by a veterinarian.

2. Red Gums in Dogs

Bright red or cherry-red gums typically indicate gum inflammation. Swollen, bright red gums normally indicate an infection or irritation. This may be due to tartar deposits, poor oral hygiene, or even food intolerance. If you don’t address this issue early, red gums in dogs may progress to periodontitis.

3. Pale Gums in Dogs

Pale gums in dogs can indicate a number of serious issues, such as anemia (low red blood cell count), blood loss, dehydration, shock, or poor circulation. Don’t ignore pale gums because they’re one of the most alarming symptoms of your pup’s dental health. In some cases, it's a sign of a medical issue such as kidney or heart disease. If you notice pale gums, contact an emergency veterinarian as these conditions are serious and require immediate attention.

4. Swollen Gums, Loose or Missing Teeth

If your dog has loose teeth and clearly swollen gums, this could be a sign of systemic infection or advanced gingivitis. A sick dog's gums may also have visible ulcers or lesions, which can interfere with appetite and, in some cases, lead to tooth loss.

Comparing Normal vs. Sick Dogs’ Gum Colors

Apart from the capillary refill time test, understanding your dog's gum color can be useful in diagnosing problems:

• Bright pink gum color is a sign of normal dog gums.
• Bright red gums signal irritation, infection, or gingivitis.
• Pale pink or white gums are a common sign of anemia, blood loss, or internal issues. Pale gums in dogs can also indicate other issues, like heart or kidney disease.
• Purple or blue gums indicate poor oxygenation and circulatory problems, which can lead to a medical emergency.

Causes of Bleeding Gums in Dogs

There are several potential causes of a dog's gums bleeding. They range from the fairly simple issues like poor dental care to systemic diseases that are very serious. Niemiec et al. (2020) in the Journal of Small Animal Practice state that the following are some of the causes of bleeding gums in dogs:

1. Dental Disease

The most common reason for bleeding gums in dogs is dental disease, specifically periodontal disease and gingivitis. These diseases are typically caused by plaque and tartar, oral infections, and gum swelling. Untreated, chronic dental disease can damage your dog's gums severely, leading to loose teeth and chronic pain.

2. Trauma

Injury from chewing on toys or hard items can cause bleeding in your dog's gums. While this might seem like a small issue, monitor it to ensure that the injury doesn't escalate into an infection or further trauma.

3. Gingival Hyperplasia

Some dogs develop gingival hyperplasia, a condition in which excess gum tissue grows, potentially leading to inflamed, bleeding gums. Gingival hyperplasia is common in certain dog breeds, such as Boxers, Great Danes, and Collies. Other predisposed breeds include Dobermans, Bulldogs, and Labrador Retrievers. Apart from genetics, dental plaque and certain medications can trigger or worsen the overgrowth of gum tissue. 

4. Oral Infections and Bacterial Growth

Bacteria can grow in your dog’s mouth if you don't clean or brush their teeth properly, leading to infections and gum disease. If left untreated, these infections can get worse over time, resulting in bleeding and inflamed gums.

5. Underlying Health Issues

Certain systemic health issues can affect your dog's gums. Underlying issues, such as clotting disorders, oral tumors, leukemia, kidney disease, or even high blood pressure, can lead to abnormal bleeding. Low blood pressure or internal bleeding can also turn your dog's gums pale or white.

The Role of Diet in Gum Health

A well-balanced diet plays an important role in supporting your dog's gum health.

Food Options for Healthy Gums

A healthy, well-balanced diet with the right nutrients can strengthen your dog's immune system and reduce inflammation. Give your pup high-quality dog food with natural ingredients, vitamins, and minerals to support healthy gums.

Supplements for Gum Health

Supplements like omega fatty acids and specific vitamins can help reduce gum problems and promote healing. Some supplements are also specially formulated for oral health. For instance, we've packed our ProDenta for dogs with all-natural ingredients to address common dental issues, such as plaque buildup, bad breath, gum inflammation, and even digestive issues.

Dry Food vs. Wet Food

Dry food naturally cleans teeth by stripping off plaque, but wet food promotes plaque buildup unless accompanied by daily brushing. That said, you can give your dog dental chews after eating dry or wet food to keep your pup’s gums healthy, fresh, and clean.

Prevention of Dental Issues in Dogs

According to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines, here's how you can prevent gum disease and bleeding gums in your dog:

Regular Dental Care

One of the best ways to prevent gum issues in dogs is through tooth brushing. Brush your pup’s teeth at least a few times a week with dog-safe toothpaste to remove plaque and stop tartar buildup.

Chew Toys

Chew toys help keep your dog’s teeth white and clean, remove plaque, and naturally strengthen gums. Choose appropriate toys that won’t injure your dog’s gums.

At Pup Labs, we've formulated our Fresh Breathies Dental Health Chews to specifically support dental health and prevent gum bleeding. They eliminate bad breath, support gums and teeth, and reduce inflammation, leading to healthier intestines, joints, and a strong heart.

Routine Vet Checkups

Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial in detecting dental problems early. Your vet can perform professional cleanings to remove plaque and tartar and prevent periodontal disease.

Healthy Diet and Supplements

A good oral health plan should include a balanced diet with the right nutrients to maintain healthy gums. Supplements like ProDenta can help improve your dog’s gum health. Check out this comprehensive look at ProDenta for dogs to improve oral hygiene and overall health.

How to Treat Bleeding Gums in Dogs

If your pup is experiencing bleeding gums, here is how you can treat the condition:

• At-Home Remedies: For minor gum irritation, you can rinse your dog’s mouth with a gentle, vet-approved mouthwash. You can also use a soft-bristle toothbrush to gently brush their teeth regularly.
• Professional Treatment: If the bleeding persists or worsens, see a vet for tooth extraction or professional cleaning to remove tartar buildup and address any infection.
• Medications: In some cases, your vet may prescribe antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications to manage gum swelling and bacterial infection.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

If you notice severe symptoms such as excessive bleeding, blue or pale gums, tacky gums, or other concerning signs, seek professional help from a vet. A thorough physical examination by your veterinarian will determine the cause of bleeding gums and the required treatment.

Not every case of bleeding gums requires emergency attention, but some symptoms are more serious than others. Here's when you should be concerned:

Mild vs. Severe Gum Bleeding

If the bleeding is minor and your dog appears healthy, keep a close watch on it. But if the bleeding is heavy or doesn't stop, contact a vet. Bleeding gums that won’t cease or worsen might signal a more serious issue.

If bleeding gums persist despite at-home care, it may be a sign of an underlying dental disease or infection that requires professional treatment.

Other Signs to Watch For

If your dog shows other signs, like bad breath, pawing at the mouth, difficulty breathing, or not wanting to eat, it's a red flag that their dental issue has advanced. Other warnings, such as swelling around the gums or sleepiness, may indicate an infection or a serious medical issue.

Emergency Vet

In some cases, bleeding gums require an immediate visit to the emergency vet, particularly if your dog is losing a significant amount of blood, has pale gums, or is exhibiting signs of shock, such as difficulty breathing or weakness. In such cases, seek veterinary care to prevent life-threatening complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Do Infected Dog Gums Look Like?

Infected dog gums often appear red, swollen, and inflamed. You may notice bright red gums, which can indicate gingivitis or periodontal disease. Bad breath (halitosis) is also a common symptom of infection. In some cases, you might even observe spotted, swollen, or white gums, which can indicate an ongoing infection. Gum infection can lead to more severe systemic issues, such as digestive and kidney diseases.

Can I Treat My Dog's Gingivitis at Home?

You can manage gingivitis at home to some extent by brushing your dog's teeth regularly, using the best dog dental health products, and maintaining a balanced diet to reduce plaque buildup. However, schedule regular professional cleanings with a veterinarian, especially if you notice bright red gums or other symptoms. Gingivitis can progress into more serious periodontal disease or lead to internal bleeding if the infection spreads.

What Are the First Signs of Gingivitis in Dogs?

The early signs of gingivitis in dogs include bright or cherry red gums. You may also notice changes in your dog's gum color or discomfort when they eat or chew. Bad breath (halitosis) is also another early sign, as bacteria build up in the mouth, causing an unpleasant odor. Pale gums or spotted gums could be a sign of inflammation, while bleeding gums indicate that the dog’s teeth or gums are injured or irritated. Regular at-home oral care and professional veterinary care can help catch gingivitis early.

Will A Dog's Mouth Heal On Its Own?

While a minor gum irritation can heal on its own, more serious conditions like gingivitis and periodontal disease can be life-threatening without proper treatment. Bleeding gums, swollen gums, or internal bleeding require professional care to prevent further damage. Don't ignore changes in your dog's gum color or other symptoms of dental issues because your pup may lose their teeth or face other serious health problems. Dogs’ treatment for gingivitis typically involves professional cleanings and, if needed, antibiotics to address infections. At-home care, like brushing and dog dental chews, can help prevent issues from worsening.

Is Mouth-Bleeding a Symptom of Leukemia?

Yes, mouth bleeding can be a symptom of leukemia, particularly if it affects the dog’s ability to clot blood. Leukemia can result in low red blood cells, which compromises the body’s ability to stop bleeding. Pale pink, white, or bluish gums and persistent bleeding could indicate a serious underlying condition, such as leukemia. If you notice these signs, visit a veterinary hospital immediately. A thorough veterinary exam will help identify the underlying cause of the bleeding and determine the best course of action.

Conclusion

Don’t ignore bleeding gums in dogs. The gums are probably bleeding because of gum disease, trauma, or systemic health issues, and it’s better to do something about it sooner rather than later. Proper oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and frequent veterinary checkups are among the best practices for maintaining healthy gums and preventing complications down the road.

If your dog shows signs of gum disease or bleeding gums, don't wait; contact your vet now. In addition, consider adding vet-approved supplements like ProDenta and Fresh Breathies Dental Health Chews to keep their gums healthy and their teeth strong in the long term.

References

• Niemiec, B., Gawor, J., Nemec, A., Clarke, D., McLeod, K., Tutt, C., ... & Jouppi, R. (2020). World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 61(7), E36-E161.
• Wallis, C., & Holcombe, L. J. (2020). A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 61(9), 529-540.